List of books and articles about genocide in rwanda online. Her research expertise is in comparative genocide studies, including the armenian genocide, rwandan genocide, and genocide prevention. Building resilience to genocide auschwitz institute for. The rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the tutsi, was a mass slaughter of tutsi, twa, and moderate hutu in rwanda, which took place. Learn more about the early life, education, and career of kagame in this article. Cambridge university press pp241286 available in pdf at 1. In 1994 more than 800,000 people were slain in the small african country of rwanda. Paul kagame, born october 1957, rwanda, rwandan military leader and politician, who, as leader of the rwandan patriot front, defeated hutu extremist forces to end the 1994 rwandan genocide. Deborah mayersen is an historian, based at the university of wollongong, australia. During the months leading up to the rwandan genocide of 1994, cognitive biases obstructed the. To appreciate them, a short journey through rwandas. The president of rwanda at the time, juv enal habyarimana, had decid ed, after long opposition, to comply with the arusha accords and put an end to the crisis and civil war. In this genocide, more than one million tutsi were killed for the sole reason of being tutsi.
Contributors include genocide survivors, rwandan journalists, academics, human rights activists, members of the former and present rwandan governments, officers of the rwandan patriotic army, and united nations experts. It was a genocide by those who saw themselves as sons and daughters of the soil, and their mission as one of clearing the soil of a threatening alien presence. The rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the tutsi, was a mass slaughter of tutsi, twa, and moderate hutu in rwanda, which took place between 7 april and 15 july 1994 during the rwandan civil war in 1990, the rwandan patriotic front rpf, a rebel group composed of tutsi refugees, invaded northern rwanda from their base in uganda, initiating the rwandan civil war. Books on rwanda genocide if you want to learn more about the genocide in rwanda, these are the books to read. Under their king, rwandans profited from the leadership of the monarch and exercised their rights fully. Rwanda genocide postgenocide the national unity and reconciliation programs 12 significance of the study rwandan genocide against the tutsis caught the world by surprise.
Most scholarship on the rwandan genocide has rejected such claims that international. The french scholar, andre guichaoua elaborated on the unfold ing of genocide in butare, in south rwanda. M in the journal of modern africa studies, 37, 2 1999 explaining the 1994 genocide in rwanda. This anthology brings together a variety of viewpoints that debate the causes of this genocide, the worlds reaction to these events, and the rebuilding of this scarred nation. Genocide in rwanda shows the human face of history, giving a personal context of events leading up to and extending through the genocide. This genocide damaged and destroyed the social cohesion and make up. The international panel of eminent personalities to investigate the 1994 genocide in rwanda and the surrounding events was created by the organization of african unity. The armenian and rwandan genocides were the culmination of long processes of intergroup division, exclusion, discrimination and intermittent outbreaks of. History of a genocide article pdf available in the international journal of african historical studies 311. Pdf on sep 1, 20, helen hintjens and others published genocide war and peace in rwanda find, read and cite all the research you need on. Land conflict and genocide in rwanda mercatus center. But what is notable about the existing material is how much of it has been produced by nonafricans, let alone by nonrwandans. Community media and peace building in postconflict rwanda.
Ive read all 3 of her books about her life and losses, marys appearences, warnings of terrible war. In its motivation and construction, mamdani argues, the rwandan genocide needs to be understood as a natives genocide. The rwandan genocide is important to history for many reasons. Eye witnesses to a human catastrophe a thesis submitted to the faculty of the school of continuing studies and of the graduate school of arts and sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts in liberal studies. Rwanda genocide of 1994, planned campaign of mass murder in rwanda that occurred over the course of some 100 days in apriljuly 1994. The genocide in rwanda, like all genocides, was a complex phenomenon that resulted from a combination of longterm structural factors as well as more immediate decisions taken by powerful actors. On the eve of the tenth anniversary of the rwanda genocide, the school of journalism and communication at carleton university in ottawa hosted a oneday symposium on march 2004, entitled the media and the rwanda genocide. Good books and films about the rwandan genocide orange. Very little literature has been written in kinyarwanda the native language of the country, but there are a number of books written in french. To mark the 20th anniversary of the genocide, save the children has reopened an archive of over 8,000 polaroids gathered during the rwandan genocide. Prunier demonstrates how the struggle for cultural dominance and subjugation among the hutu and tutsi. In his 2005 bestselling book collapse, jared diamond asks why some. The rwanda crisis makes great strides in dispelling the racist cultural myths surrounding the people of rwanda, views propogated by european colonialists in the nineteenth century and carved into history by western influence. It is true that mass atrocity is still not a ghost of the past and international inaction in the face of it is still not an unthinkable choice.
To appreciate them, a short journey through rwanda s history is necessary. This genocide damaged and destroyed the social cohesion and make up of rwandan society. Mar 15, 2012 the rwandan genocide is important to history for many reasons. Rwandas genocide, twenty years ago this month, symbolizes the zenith of ethnic violence in africa and international indifference toward it. The 1994 rwanda genocide was the result of an economic crisis, civil war, population growth and a struggle for state power. Journalists could have had an impact in rwanda a sort of heisenberg effect.
Rwandan genocide needs to be thought of within the logic of colonialism. The international panel of eminent personalities to investigate the. The effect on their social and political roles lisa a. Philip gourevitchs horrifying, understated account of the rwandan genocide has won the inaugural guardian first book award. By informing society about the effect that mass murder can have, their hopes are to prevent genocide from occurring again. We wish to inform you that tomorrow we will be killed with our families by. Billy batware, ma peace and conflicts studies european peace university, austria 15. Rwanda genocide, and were sceptical from the start of the post genocide regime. Common types of primary sources include works of literature, historical documents, original philosophical writings, and religious texts.
Early warnings of the rwandan genocide were ignored because policy makers perceived it as a civil war, denied the facts, and decided not to intervene, preventing us and. The decolonizing potential of local and metropolitan. The french had kept hutus, the majority, underprivileged for a long time and kept the minority ethnic group, the tutsis, in power. Mar 07, 2015 introduction this paper aims to discuss and examine the causes of the 1994 rwandan genocide. This year marks the 20th anniversary of the beginning of the rwandan genocide. The clergyman and historian alexis kagame 191281 researched the oral history of rwanda and published a number of volumes of poetry and rwandan mythology. A summary of the rwandan genocide polytechnic school. List of books and articles about genocide in rwanda. Rwanda genocide book takes award books the guardian. The bloody history of the hutu and tutsi conflict stained the 20th century, from the 1972 slaughter of about 120,000 hutus. Paul kagame, rwandan military leader and politician, who, as leader of the rwandan patriot front, defeated hutu extremist forces to end the 1994 rwandan genocide.
This ideologically driven genocide is a clear example of state sponsored massmurder. It is estimated that some 200,000 hutu, spurred on by propaganda from. Abstract during 100 days in the spring and summer of 1994 in rwanda a planned genocide orchestrated by extreme members of the hutu ethnic group, the ruling faction. Message to symposium on the media and the rwanda genocide carleton university school of journalism and communication ottawa, march 2004 when, on 7 april, people around the world commemorate the 10th anniversary of the rwanda genocide, that observance should be. One of the worst massacres of the rwandan genocide took place on april 15 to 16, 1994 at the nyarubuye roman catholic church, located about 60 miles east of kigali. Genocide in rwanda aprilmay 1994 human rights watch. Nov 27, 2015 because it signifies the rest of the worlds and primarily the wests failure to intervene. Hardly any food, but she had a good outlook as to how she gets away, out of the genocide nightmare, still alive but filthy.
Kagame grew up in exile in uganda, where his parents had taken him as a young child when hutu violence toward the tutsi flared in 1959 during the buildup. This website provides articles about the importance of support and remembrance to the rwandan genocide. Here, the mayor of the town, a hutu, encouraged tutsis to seek sanctuary inside the church by assuring them they would be safe there. During the rwandan genocide of 1994, members of the hutu ethnic majority in the eastcentral african nation of rwanda murdered as many as 800,000 people. The genocide was conceived by extremist elements of rwandas majority hutu population who planned to kill the minority tutsi population and anyone who opposed those. Introduction this paper aims to discuss and examine the causes of the 1994 rwandan genocide.
Government failed to anticipate the rwandan genocide of 1994. For genocide is won on september 2, 1998, the international criminal tribunal for rwanda issued the first conviction for genocide after a trial, declaring jeanpaul akayesu guilty for acts he engaged in and oversaw as mayor of the rwandan town of taba. Explaining rwandas 1994 genocide university of denver. In this paper i will investigate the true motivation of the 1994 rwandan genocide as more than just social divide and ethnic hatred between the hutu and the tutsi. Genocide convention might therefore be considered to apply. Events in the central african republic and syria today serve as. An estimated 70 percent of the women who survived were infected with hiv. As the genocide was unprecedented in african annals, so is the panel. The rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the tutsi, was a mass slaughter of tutsi, twa, and moderate hutu in rwanda, which took place between 7 april and 15 july 1994 during the rwandan civil war. Sexual violence during the rwandan genocide and its aftermath.
Terrible conditions author had to survive with 7 other ladies in tiny hidden ensuite for 3 months. From 1894 until the end of world war i, rwanda, along with burundi and present day tanzania, was part of german east africa. Since genocide is the most aberrant of human behaviors, it cries out for explanation. This case study considers military and internaional political responses to the april 1994 conflict between the rwandan patriotic front rpf and the rwandan government forces rgf and the. Because it signifies the rest of the worlds and primarily the wests failure to intervene. She has a master of laws from mcgill university, for which her thesis research involved extensive interviews in rwanda, including with. We wish to inform you that tomorrow we will be killed with our families.
Lessons for early warning and prevention matthew levinger george washington university washington, dc, usa abstract. Many scholars believe the long lasting ethnic conflict between the hutu and tutsi was the seed to the development of the genocide. The most notable advocate of this account for the rwandan genocide is jared diamond. In an attempt by the hutu regime to annihilate each and every tutsi, between 500,000 to 800,000 or even 1,000,000 tutsis were killed at the hands of hutus.
A brief history of the country rwandas population of more than 7 million people is divided into three ethnic groups. The genocide was conceived by extremist elements of rwandas majority hutu population who planned to kill the minority tutsi population and anyone who opposed those genocidal intentions. Origins of rwandan ethnic conflicts the precolonial period saw rwanda as a united state. Rwanda and rtlm radio media effects scott straus department of political science university of wisconsin, madison introduction the rwandan genocide has become a textbook case of the ways in which hate speech, especially the use of the spoken word on radio, can spark genocidal violence. The hutu, tutsi and twa socioeconomic stratifications of rwanda human groups swore allegiance to the same monarch. See more ideas about books, books to read and reading.
This study is significant because it will contribute to the understanding of the real causes of the conflict in order to effectively find a durable solution. From april to july 1994, over 800,000 tutsis and moderate hutus were killed. A primary source is a work that is being studied, or that provides firsthand or direct evidence on a topic. A small library of books, reports and studies of the rwandan genocide has already been published, and it is certain that many more will emerge.